4-2段落翻譯

These long-term climate changes have a major effect on biological evolution by dertermining where different types of plants and animals can survive and thrive and by changing the lpcations of different types of ecosystems such as deserts , grasslands , and forests.

Evidence indicates that more than half of all life on the earth has been wiped out in five mass extinctions over the past 500 million years. Scientific hypotheses explaining the causes of these mass extinctions include asteroids colliding with the earth , large-scale emissions of toxic hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from the ocean into the atmosphere , and climate change. Such mass extinctions opened up opportunities for the evolution of new species and shifts in the locations of some ecosystems. On a long-tern basis , the four scientific principles of sustainability , especially biodiversity , have enabled the earth to adapt to drastic changes in environmental conditions.

這些長期的氣候變遷對生物進化有主要的影響 , 藉由測定各種不同的動植物能在當地不同形式的生態環境(沙漠、草原、森林)可生長茁壯。

證據顯示有超過一半在地球的生命於過去五億年間的五次大滅絕中被抹去 , 科學假設解釋說造成大滅絕的原因包括小行星與地球的碰撞 , 大規模的有毒排放物(H2S)從海洋進入大氣中；造成氣候變遷 , 這些大滅絕開啟了演化成新物種且轉移成當地生態系統的機會。在長期變遷的基礎下 , 有四種永續的原則 , 特別是生物多樣性 , 可使地球去適應自然環境中的改變。